1.1.1 Concept of Electric Porcelain

Electrical ceramics are abbreviated as electrical ceramics. Broadly speaking, electric porcelain covers various ceramic products for electrical purposes, including insulating ceramics, semiconductor ceramics, and so on. The electric porcelain referred to in this plan only refers to a type of porcelain insulator used in the power industry system, which is mainly made of natural minerals such as bauxite, kaolin, feldspar, and is fired at high temperature. It includes various line insulators and power station electrical insulators, as well as insulation components used for isolation or support of other charged bodies. Electric porcelain is an important fundamental component of the power industry, and its manufacturing industry is a key equipment manufacturing industry supported by the state during the 11th Five Year Plan period. It is a fundamental industry of the national economy.

1.1.2 Classification of Electric Porcelain

Usually, electrical ceramics are classified based on their product shape, voltage level, and application environment. According to product shape, it can be divided into: disc suspension insulator, pin insulator, rod insulator, hollow insulator, etc; According to voltage level, it can be divided into low voltage (AC 1000 V and below, DC 1500 V and below) insulators and high voltage (AC 1000 V and above, DC 1500 V and above) insulators. Among them, high voltage insulators can be divided into ultra-high voltage (AC 330 kV and 500 kV, DC 500 kV) and ultra-high voltage (AC 750 kV and 1000 kV, DC 800 kV); According to their usage characteristics, they can be divided into: insulators for power lines, power stations, or electrical appliances; According to the usage environment, it can be divided into indoor insulators and outdoor insulators; wait.

1.1.3 Performance characteristics of electric porcelain

Electric porcelain is a component mainly used for support and insulation in power systems, and sometimes also serves as a container for other electrical components. Therefore, there are high requirements for its mechanical performance, electrical performance, and environmental resistance (cold and hot, anti pollution, aging, etc.).

1.1.4 Application of Electric Porcelain

Electric porcelain is mainly used in various voltage levels of transmission lines, substations, electrical equipment, and other special industries such as rail transit in the power system. It connects conductors or components with different potentials and serves as insulation and support. For example, disc suspension insulators and long rod insulators used for tension or suspension of high-voltage lines, rod support insulators used for substation busbars or equipment support, and hollow insulators used for transformer bushings, switchgear, capacitors or transformers.